Integration of inhibitory inputs also differs across cellular domains. Inhibitory synapses specifically target the axon, soma or different dendritic domains. Synapses on small-diameter dendrites cause larger local voltage changes, which reduce the effectiveness of synaptic scaling but increase the activation of voltage-gated conductances. Synapses distant from the soma tend to produce less synaptic depolarization, but this might be countered by increasing the conductance of distal synapses or by activating voltage-gated channels in dendrites. Most excitatory synapses onto pyramidal neurons occur on dendritic spines, but the structure of the synapses they receive differs between dendritic domains.ĭendritic integration of synaptic input depends on the dendritic domain that is targeted. Defining the degree to which synapses that carry different kinds of information are segregated onto different dendritic domains remains an important challenge. Synaptic inputs from distinct sources occur onto separate dendritic domains. These include in vivo patch-clamp recording, optical activation and transgenic methods for activating, inactivating or labelling neurons and their connections. This preserved core structure suggests that they have conserved core functions, whereas structural variation in other areas suggests additional functional specialization.Ī number of new methods for studying pyramidal-cell activation and circuitry are available. Pyramidal neurons have basal and apical dendrites, including an apical tuft.
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